MSL YEAR 4 SPRING WEATHER DATA (LS 180 TO 270)

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Updated 8/27/2020

Growing Dust Storm

As Opportunity hunkered down for the storm, NASA kept watch from orbit with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. By the second week of June, the storm had grown to cover a quarter of the planet. By June 13, the storm was large enough to reach NASA's Curiosity rover, which was a half a world away exploring Gale Crater.

Space Image Source of images for the 2018 Martian Global Dust Storm: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. Weather data for MSL during this storm is on Table 1 below.

On Table 1 column subjects and color codings are as follows (Note: JPL calls the first year of MSL on Mars "Year 0," the second year Year 1, the third year Year 2 and the 4th year Year 3):

Column A (Sol). The Martian day is about 39 minutes longer than the terrestrial day.

Column B is solar longitude (Ls). MSL is in the Southern Hemisphere on Mars. The landing was at Ls 150 in winter. Ls 180 begins the spring there.  Ls 270 starts summer, Ls 0 starts the fall. Ls 90 starts the winter.

Column C shows the pressure reported by the REMS Team.

Column D shows the date on Earth.

Column E shows the maximum air temperature. With respect to the freezing point, from 0° C at 1 atm pressure it will increase up to 0.01° C at 0.006 atm (which is about the average pressure on Mars as given by NASA). This is the triple point of water. At pressures below this, water will never be liquid. It will change directly between solid and gas phase (sublimation). The temperature for this phase change, the sublimation point, will decrease as the pressure is further decreased

Column F shows minimum air temperature.

Column G shows the air temperature range for each sol. On Earth temperatures can vary by 40 °C in deserts. In column G where the range is 59 °C or less yellow background coloring points that out. The National Park Service claims the world record in a diurnal temperature variation is 102 °F (57 °C) (from 46 °F (8 °C) to −56 °F (−49 °C)) in Browning, Montana (elevation 4,377 feet/1,334 meters) on January 23 to 24, 1916. There were 2 days in Montana where the temperature changed by 57 °C.

Column H shows temperature range divided by 40. This allows us to compare terrestrial deserts with Gale Crater, Mars. How much cooling occurs at night is related to the density of the atmosphere. Here we see the ratio of cooling on a Mars sol to the typical 40 °C cooling figure for Earth's deserts shown with a green background when that ratio is under 1.5. For MSL Year 1 when we altered the devisor from 40 °C  to 57 °C then 88 of the ratios were altered to 1 or less than 1, meaning that Martian air pressure is indeed likely much higher than NASA claims.

Column I shows maximum ground temperature. As with terrestrial deserts, the ground on Mars heats more during the day than the air does, and it cools more at night than the air does. In Column K when the maximum ground temperature is given by REMS is above 0°C it is shown with a red background.

Column J shows the minimum ground temperature. When it is -90 °C or colder the background is in purple. The ground temperatures are not very precise. The requirement was to measure ground brightness temperature over the range from 150 to 300 K with a resolution of 2 K and an accuracy of 10 K. 

Column K. Drop in ground temperature from day to night.

Column L shows the increase in temperature from the mast 1.5 meters above the ground down to the ground during the daylight hours. In column N anytime there is an increase in temperature of 11 °C or more this in indicated with a dark blue background.

 

Column M shows the decrease in temperature from the ground to the air at nights. If the data were valid we would expect similar heating or cooling to occur over the set distance from ground to boom. A quick survey of the data immediately shows that this was not found. In column L we see a variation in heating between 0 °C and at least 15 °C with a 54 °C anomaly on Sol 1,070. For nighttime cooling any variation from 11°C to 19°C is shown with a medium blue background. More than that is shown with a dark blue background.

Column N shows the pressure for the same Ls in MSL Year 1.

Column O shows the absolute value of the change in pressure in Pascals from the same Ls in the previous year (Column [M] - [C]).

Column P shows the original pressure for the same Ls in MSL Year 1 before JPL revised their data.

Column Q shows the Ls during Year 1.

Column R shows the UV for the sol in Year 2.

Column S shows the UV for the sol in Year 1. All sols in MSL Year 1 and Year 2 have opacity listed as “sunny” which seems dubious.

Column T shows comments, if any.

 

 

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

 K

L M N O P Q R S

T

U

 

SOL

~LS

PRESSURE Pa   

EARTH DATE

MAX AIR TEMP °C   

MIN AIR TEMP °C

AIR TEMP RANGE °C

AIR TEMP RANGE °C/40

MAX GROUND TEMP °C

MIN GROUND

TEMP °C

∆ GROUND TEMP DAY    TO NIGHT

DAYTIME CHANGE IN TEMP °C  AIR TO GROUND

NIGHTTIME CHANGE IN TEMP °C AIR TO GROUND

PRESSURE AT SAME LS IN MSL YEAR 3

∆ PRESSURE YEAR 4 TO YEAR 3 SAME LS 

~LS year 3

PRESSURE YEAR 1 BEFORE REVISION 

UV

YR

4 

UV

YR

3

MSL YEAR 3 SOL FOR THIS LS/

COMMENTS

MSL Altitude meters  below areoid

           

YELLOW IF <60 °C

GREEN IF<1.5

RED IF

> 0 °C

PURPLE = >-90°C OR COLDER

YELLOW NUMBERS = -80 to -89 °C,

red background = -90°C or colder drop

BLUE = >10°C

PURPLE = >10°C

  YELLOW = 
> 7 Pa)
           
2060 180 743 5/23/2018 4 -73 77 1.925 15 -79 -94 11 -6 N/A  N/A  180 N/A  H N/A  (1392) -4,192
2061 180 745 5/24/2018 5 -72 77  1.925  15 -81 -96 10 -9 N/A  N/A  181  N/A  H N/A (1393)  -4,192 
2062 181 745 5/25/2018 2 -72 74 1.85 17 -80 -97 15 -8 N/A  N/A  181  N/A  VH N/A  (1394)   -4,192
2063 182 748 5/26/2018 3 -71 74 1.85 15 -80 -95 12 -9 N/A  N/A   182  N/A  VH N/A  (1395) -4,192 
2064 182 748 5/27/2018 4  -71  74  1.85  18 -78 -96 14 -7 N/A  N/A  182  N/A  VH  N/A  (1396)  -4,192 
2065 183 750 5/28/2018 2  -71  73 1.825  16 -81  -97  14  -10 N/A  N/A  183 N/A  VH  N/A  (1397)  -4,192 
2066 183 751 5/29/2018 2   -72  74  1.85  16  -85 -101 14  -13 751  0  184  N/A  VH  H  (1398)  -4,192 
2067 184 750 5/30/2018 3  -74 77 1.925  16   -80  -96  13 -6 770 -20 184  N/A  VH  H  (1399)  -4,192 
2068 185 752 5/31/2018 4 -69 73 1.825 16 -78 -94 12  -9 770  -18 185  N/A  VH H  (1400)   -4,192 
2069 185 756 6/1/2018 4 -71 75 1.875 16 -84 -100 12  -13  770  -14 185  N/A  H H  (1401)   -4,192 
2070 186 757 6/2/2018 3 -70 73 1.825 16 -79 -95 13 -9  771 -14  186 N/A  VH H (1402)   -4,192 
2071 186 755 6/4/2018 4 -71 75 1.875 17 -79 -96 13 -8 775 -20  187 N/A   VH VH  (1403)  -4,192 
2072 187 758 6/5/2018 6 -71 77 1.925 17 -80 -97  11 -9  774 -16 187  N/A  VH  H  (1404)   -4,192 
2073 187 756 6/6/2018 7 -74 81 2.025 18 -77  -95 11  -3 775 -19 188 N/A  VH VH  (1405)   -4,192 
2074 188 758 6/7/2018 6 -70 76 1.9  17 -75 -92  11   -5 775  -17 188  N/A  VH H   (1406)  -4,192 
2075 189 762 6/8/2018 3 -69 72  1.8  15 -79 -94 12 -10 779 -17  189  N/A  H H  (1407) -4,192 
2076 189 764 6/9/2018 3 -71 74 1.85  13 -72 -85 10 -1  779 -15 190 N/A  H H  (1408) -4,192 
2077 190 765 6/10/2018 0 -69  69   1.725  12 -70 -82  12 -1  781 -16 190  N/A  H H  (1409) -4,192 
2078 190 766 6/11/2018 1 -73 74  1.85   10 -71 -81 9  +2 782 -16  191 N/A  H H (1410) -4,192 
2079 191 767 6/12/2018 2 -68 70  1.75 11 -69 -80 9  -1   782  -15 191 N/A  H H  (1411) -4,192 
2080 192 768 6/13/2018 2 -67 69  1.725  11 -70  -81 9  -3 782  -14 192 N/A  H H  (1412) -4,192 
2081 192  770

6/14/2018

Dust storm

-3 -69  66 1.65  6 -71   -77 9  -2 784  -14  193 N/A   M H  (1413) 

-4,192 

 

2082 193 768 

6/15/201

Dust storm

-15 -64 49 1.225 0 -64  -64 15 0 785 -17 193  N/A   L H  (1414) 

-4,192 

2083 194 769

6/16/2018

Dust storm

-14 -63 49  1.225 -1 -63 -62  13 0   787 -18 194 N/A   L  H  (1415) 

-4,192

2084 194 771

6/17/2018

Dust storm

-21 -65 44 1.1 -14 -58 -44 7 +7 791 -20 194 N/A   L  H  (1416) 

-4,192 

2085 195 772

6/18/2018

Dust storm 

-24 -58  34 0.85 -17 -56 -39 7 +2 791  -19 195  N/A  L  H  (1417) 

-4,192

2086 195  776

6/19/2018

Dust storm

 
-25 -57 32 0.8  -17 -58  -41 8  -1 793 -17 196 N/A  L  H  (1418)  -4,191
2087 196 780

6/20/2018

Dust storm

 
-28 -59 31 0.775 -15 -57 -42 13 +2  793   -13 196 N/A L  H  (1419)  -4,192
2088 196 778

6/21/2018

Dust storm

-24 -58 34  0.85  -16  -58 -42 8 0  793  -15 197 N/A  L  H  (1420)  -4,193
2089 197  779

6/22/2018

Dust storm

 
-26 -59 33 0.825   -15 -59 -44  11 0  797 -18 197 N/A  L  H 

(1421) 

-4,192
2090 198 778

6/23/2018

Dust storm

-23 -61 38 0.95   -14 -61 -47 9 0  800 -22 198  N/A  L H 

(1422)

-4,193 
2091 198 779

6/24/2018

Dust storm

-22 -63 41 1.025  -13 -60 -47  9  +3 800  -21 199  N/A   L  H   (1423)   
2092 199 781

6/25/2018

Dust storm

 
-24 -67 43 1.075  -12 -62 -50 12 +5 803 -22  199  N/A  L  H   (1424)  -4,186
2093 199 780

6/26/2018

Dust storm

-24  -63 39 0.975   -14  -60 -46 10 +3 804 -24 200  N/A  L H   (1425)   
2094 200 783

6/27/2018

Dust storm

 
-27 -61 34 0.85 -17 -60 -43 10  +1 803  -20 200  N/A  L H   (1426)  -4,177
2095 201 784

6/28/2018

Dust storm

-25 -61  36 0.9 -17 -60  -43 8  +1  807 -23 201  N/A  L VH  (1427)  -4,171
2096 201 788

6/29/2018

Dust storm

 
-22 -63 41 1.025 -15 -59 -44 7 +4 808 -20  202 N/A  L VH  (1428)   
2097 202 789

6/30/2018

Dust storm

 
-23 -60 37 0.925 -16  -59 -43  7 +1  810 -21 202 N/A  L  VH (1429)   
2098 203 791

7/1/2018

Dust storm

-23  -61 38 0.95 -17 -59 -42 6 +2 810  -19 203 N/A  L  H  (1430)   -4,165 
2099 203 791

7/2/2018

Dust storm

-25 -61  36 0.9 -16  -58 -42  9 +3 811 -20 204 N/A  L  H  (1431)    
2100 204 797

7/3/2018

Dust storm

-29 -61
 
32 0.8 -24 -59 -35 5 +2 813 -16 204  N/A   L H (1432)    
2101 204 796

7/4/2018

Dust storm

-23  -61 38 0.95  -16 -59  -43  7 +2  821 -25 205  N/A    L H  (1433)   
2102 205 797

7/5/2018

Dust storm

 
-22 -60 38  0.95  -14 -59  -45 8 +1 820 -23 205  N/A   L  H  (1434)  -4,163
2103 205 797

7/6/2018

Dust storm

 
-26 -58 32 0.8 -16 -58 -42 10 0  824 -27 206 N/A    L H  (1435)   
2104 206 797

7/7/2018

Dust storm

 
-23 -59 36 0.9  -15 -58 -43  8 +1  824 -27  206 N/A   L  H  (1436)  -4,165  
2105 207 802

7/8/2018

Dust storm

 -25  -61  36  0.9  -15  -59  -44 10  +2 821 -19 207 N/A  L  H  (1437)   
2106 208 803

7/9/2018

Dust storm

 -27  -63 36  0.9  -16 -59 -43 11 +4 823 -20 208 N/A  L  H  (1438)   
2107 208 807

7/11/2018

Dust storm

 
 -21  -65 44 1.1 -15  -59 -44 6 +6 828 -21 208 N/A  L  H  (1439)  -4,164
2108 209 806

7/12/2018

Dust storm

 
 -24  -65  41 1.025 -15  -58 -43  9 +7 828  -22 209  N/A  L  H   (1440)  -4,164
2109 209  809

7/13/2018

Dust storm

-22 -66 44  1.1  -12 -60 -48 10 +6   828   -19 210 N/A   L  H  (1441)   
2110 210 810

7/14/2018

Dust storm 

 -20 -59 39 0.975 -12  -59 -47 8  0 829 -19   210   N/A  L  H  (1442)   
2111 211 813

7/15/2018

Dust storm 

-20 -67 47 1.175 -12  -60 -48 8 +7 831 -18 211  N/A  L  H  (1443)   
2112 211 813

7/16/2018

Dust storm

-11 -63 52 1.3 -11 -60 -49 0  +3 833 -19  212  N/A  L  H  (1444)   
2113 212 815

7/17/2018

Dust storm 

-20 -62 42  1.05 -11 -60 -49 9 +2  836 -21  212  N/A  L  H  (1445)   
2114 213 816

7/18/2018

Dust storm 

-19 -61 42  1.05 -10 -60 -50 9 +1 841 19  213  N/A  L  H  (1446)   
2115 213 818

7/19/2018

Dust storm

-21 -61 40 1.0 -12  -60 -48  9 +1 841  -25  214  N/A  L  H  (1447)   
2116 214 820

7/20/2018

Dust storm 

-21 -62 41 1.025 -10 -60 -50 11 +2 841  -21  214  N/A  L  H  (1448)  -4,159
2117 214 822

7/21/2018

Dust storm

-19 -64 43 1.075 -8 -61 -53 11  +3 841  -19 215  N/A  L  H  (1449)   
2118 215 822

7/22/2018

Dust storm

-19 -68 49 1.225 -10 -62 -52 11  +6 842 -20  215  N/A  L  H  (1450)   
2119 216 824

7/23/2018

Dust storm

-16 -69 53 1.325 -8 -62 -54 8 +7 842  -18  216  N/A  L  H  (1451)  -4,159
2120 216 828

7/24/2018

Dust storm 

-16 -67 51 1.275 -8 -61 -53 8  +6 845 -17 217 N/A   L  H  (1452)   
2121 217 829

7/25/2018

Dust storm 

-18 -62 44 1.1 -8  -62 -54 10  0 850 -21  217  N/A  L  VH  (1453)   
2122 218 830

7/26/2018

Dust storm 

-14 -63 49 1.225 -6 -62 -56 8  +1 854 -24 218 N/A  L  H  (1454)   
2123 218 831

7/27/2018

Dust storm

-18 -68 50 1.25 -6  -63 -57 12 +5 858 -27 219 N/A  L  H (1455)   
2124 219 832

7/28/2018

Dust storm 

-17 -67 50 1.25 -6 -62 -56 11 +5 859 -27 220 N/A   L H  (1456)   
2125 219 834

7/29/2018

Dust storm 

-17 -66 49 1.225 -7 -62 -55 10 +4 860 -26 220  N/A  L  H (1457)   
2126 220 837

7/30/2018

Dust storm

-18 -63 45 1.125 -8   -63 -55 10 0  859 -22 220  N/A  L  H  (1458)  -4,163
2127 221 838

7/31/2018

Dust storm 

-18 -69 51 1.275 -7 -64 -57 11 +5 861 -23 221 N/A L  H (1459)  
2128 221  841

8/1/2018

Dust storm 

-20 -65  45 1.125 -7 -62 -55  13 +3 865 -24 222 N/A L  H (1460) -4,169
2129 222 843

8/2/2018

Dust Storm

-21 -66 45 1.125 -7 -63 -56 14 +3 870 -27   222  N/A  L  H  (1461)  
2130 223 844 8/3/2018 Dust storm  -18 -62 44 1.1 -7 -63  -56 11 -1 871  -25  223  N/A   L  H  (1462)   
2131 223 846 8/4/2018 Dust storm
-21 -67 46 1.15 -6 -63 -57 15 +4 871  -24  223  N/A   L  H  (1463)   
2132 224 847

8/5/2018

Dust Storm

-16 -69 53 1.325  -4 -64 -60 12 +5  871 -24  224  N/A    L H  (1464)  -4,170
2133 225 849

8/6/2018

Dust Storm

 
-18 -65 47 1.175  -3  -65 -62 15 0  870 -21 225  N/A   L  H  (1465)   
2134 225  851

8/7/2018

Dust Storm

 
-14 -65  51 1.275 -3 -66 -63 11 -1  873 -22 226 N/A   L  H  (1466)  
2135 226 854

8/8/2018

Dust Storm

 
-15 -66 51 1.275 -3 -66 -63 12 0   877 -23 226 N/A   L  H  (1467)  
2136 227 856

8/9/2018

Dust Storm

 
 -13 -66 53 1.325 -3 -65 -62 10 +1 879 -23 227 N/A   L  H  (1468)  
2137 227  867

8/10/2018

Dust Storm

-13 -66 53  1.325  -2 -70 -68  11 -4 881 -14 228 N/A   L   H  (1469)  
2138 228 858

8/11/2018

Dust Storm

-16 -68 52 1.3 -2 -65 -63 14 +3  879 -21  228 N/A   L   M (1470)  
2139 228  857

8/12/2018

Dust Storm

 
-11 -70 59 1.475 -1 -66 65 10  +4 880 -23 229 N/A   L  M (1471)  
2140 229 858

8/13/2018

Dust Storm Ends?

-10 -70 60 1.5 0 -67 67 
10  
+3   879  -21  229  N/A  M M  (1472)   
2141 230 863

8/14/2018

-17 -66 49 1.225  0 -71 71  17 -5 881 -18  230  N/A  M M  (1473)  
2142 230 865

8/15/2018

-10 -71 61 1.525 -1 -67 66  9 +4 889 -24  231 N/A L  M  (1474)  
2143 231 865

8/17/2018

-12 -71 59  1.475  0 -67 67  12

+4

890 -25  231  N/A  M M  (1475)  
2144 232 867

8/18/2018

-11 -67 56 1.4  1 -69 71 12  -2 888 -21  232 N/A  L  H (1476) -4,181
2145 232 868

8/19/2018

-10 -66 56  1.4  0 -66 66 10   0  888  -20 233 N/A L  H (1477)  
2146 233 870

8/20/2018

-10 -67 57 1.425 1 -67 68 11 0  887 -17  233  N/A  M  M  (1478)   
2147 233 870

8/21/2018

-15 -68 53 1.325 0 -67 67  15 +1  890 -20  234 N/A  L  M  (1479)    
2148 234 872 8/22/2018  -13 -67  54 1.35 2 -67   69  15  0  893 -21 235 N/A  M  H  (1480)   
2149 235 874 8/23/2018  -10 -68 58 1.45  2  -68 70 12 0  893 -19 235 N/A M H (1481)   
2150 236 874 8/24/2018  -11 -68  57 1.425   1 -68  69  12 0  893 -19  236 N/A  M   H   (1482)  
2151 236 876 8/25/2018  -12 -66 54  1.35  2  -68 70 14 -2 895 -19  237 N/A M H (1483)  
2152 237 878 8/26/2018   -10 -69 59 1.475  3 -68 71 13 +1  899 -21 237  N/A  M  H  (1484)  
2153 237 880 8/27/2018 -10 -68 58 1.45 3 -67 70 13 +1 899  -19  238 N/A  M  H  (1485)   
2154 238 878 8/28/2018 -10 -73 63 1.575 2 -68 70 12  +5 901 -23 239 N/A   M  H  (1486)   
2155 239  878  8/29/2018  -12  -76 64 1.6 3  -68  71  15 +8  901  -23  239 N/A   M  H  (1487)  
2156 239  879 8/30/2018  -6  -71 65 1.625 1  -68  69  7  +3  902 -23  240 N/A   M  VH  (1488) -4,162
2157 240 877 8/31/2018  -5 -67  62 1.55 2  -66  68  7  +1  903 -26 240  N/A  M H (1489)  
2158 241 880 9/1/2018   -7   -67   60 1.5 3 -67  70  10  0  904 -24 241  N/A  M H  (1490) -4,156
2159 241 883 9/2/2018 -10 -68 58 1.45 3 -68  71  13  0  906 -23  242  N/A  M H  (1491)   
2160 242 885 9/3/2018   -8  -68  60  1.5  3  -69 72 11 -1 910 -25  242  921 M  H (1492)  
2161 243 884 9/4/2018  -5 -68  63 1.575  10 -69  79 15 -1  904 -20 243 N/A  M  H (1493) -4,151
2162 243  885  9/5/2018   -5  -69  64 1.6  4 -69  73 9  0    904  -19  244 N/A  M  H  (1494)   
2163 244 886 9/6/2018   -5   -70  65 1.625  3  -68  71    8 +2 903  -17 244  N/A  M  H  (1495)  -4,150 
2164 245  886 9/7/2018  -8 -68 60  1.5   3  -73 76 11  -5  904  -18 245 N/A  M  H   (1496)  
2165 245 887 9/8/2018  -10 -70  60  1.5   4  -77 81  14 -7 909 -22 246   M  H  (1497)   
2166 246 887 9/9/2018